Nikitha Merilena Jonnada, University of the Cumberlands, USA

In this paper, the author discusses about the significance of network security as it continues to grow and how digital infrastructure is becoming an integral part of our daily life. Modern networks are facing more threats like the malware, ransomware, phishing, advanced persistent threats (APTs), and vulnerabilities in the cloud and Internet of Things (IoT) environments. These threats compromise data confidentiality, integrity, and availability, posing risks to individuals, businesses, and the government. This paper presents a comprehensive review of contemporary network security principles, technologies, and practices, while proposing an Integrated Network Defense Framework (INDF) that combines technical, administrative, and policy-driven measures for holistic protection. The paper examines the foundational CIA triad (confidentiality, integrity, availability), common attack vectors, and modern defense mechanisms, such as firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, endpoint detection and response, and encryption methods.

Network Security, Cybersecurity, Zero Trust, Artificial Intelligence, Threat Mitigation.